Reactivity Series

• What does the reactivity series list?

  Elements (mainly metals) in order of decreasing reactivity
• What is the focus of this chapter on reactivity series?

  It looks at some reactions of metals and introduces redox reactions
• What is produced by the reaction between aluminium and iron(III) oxide?

  Molten iron
• Why does gold remain chemically unchanged in contact with air or water?

  Because it is very unreactive
• What are the learning objectives regarding the reactivity series?

  • Understand how metals are arranged in a reactivity series
  • Understand rust prevention methods
  • Know the order of reactivity of specific metals
  • Understand terms related to oxidation and reduction
• How can rusting of iron be prevented?

  By using barrier methods, galvanising, or sacrificial protection
• What is the order of reactivity of the following metals: potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper, silver, gold?

  Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper, silver, gold
• What conditions lead to iron rusting?

  Presence of water and oxygen
• What are the methods to prevent rusting of iron?

  • Barrier methods: Coating with paint or oil
  • Galvanising: Coating with zinc
  • Sacrificial protection: Using a more reactive metal
• What does oxidation refer to in terms of electrons?

  Gain of oxygen or loss of electrons
• What does reduction refer to in terms of electrons?

  Loss of oxygen or gain of electrons
• What is a redox reaction?

  A reaction involving both oxidation and reduction processes
• What is an oxidising agent?

  A substance that gains electrons and is reduced
• What is a reducing agent?

  A substance that loses electrons and is oxidised
• What practical investigation can be conducted regarding metals and acids?

  • Investigate reactions between dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids and metals
  • Example metals: magnesium, zinc, and iron