Chapter14

• What is the title of Chapter 14 in the book "Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World"?

  Systems Analysis and Design
• What are the main activities covered in Chapter 14?

  Implementation and deployment activities

  
• How many core development processes in the SDLC are covered in the text before Chapter 14?

  Four
• What does implementation include in the context of systems analysis?

  Programming and testing activities
• What does deployment include in systems analysis?

  System tests, converting data, training, setting up the production environment, and deploying the solution
• What is the definition of testing in systems analysis?

  The process of examining a component, subsystem, or system to determine its operational characteristics and whether it contains any defects
• What is a test case?

  A formal description of a starting state, one or more events to which the software must respond, and the expected response or ending state
• What must test cases be based on?

  Well understood functional and non-functional requirements
• What is test data?

  A set of starting states and events used to test a module, group of modules, or entire system
• What is a unit test?

  Tests of an individual method, class, or component before it is integrated with other software
• What is a driver in unit testing?

  A method or class developed for unit testing that simulates the behavior of a method that sends a message to the method being tested
• What is a stub in unit testing?

  A method or class developed for unit testing that simulates the behavior of a method invoked that hasn’t yet been written
• What is an integration test?

  Tests of the behavior of a group of methods, classes, or components
• What is interface incompatibility in integration testing?

  When one method passes a parameter of the wrong data type to another method
• What are run-time exceptions?

  Errors generated by a method, such as “out of memory” or “file already in use,” due to conflicting resource needs
• Why is integration testing of object-oriented software complex?

  Because an object-oriented program consists of a set of interacting objects
• What are the required procedures for integration testing?

  Build and unit test the components, create test data, conduct the integration test, evaluate the test results, log the test results, correct the code and retest
• What is a system test?

  An integration test of an entire system or independent subsystem
• What is a build and smoke test?

  A system test performed daily or several times a week to check for obvious malfunctions
• What is a performance test or stress test?

  An integration and usability test that determines whether a system can meet time-based performance criteria
• What does user acceptance testing (UAT) determine?

  Whether the system fulfills user requirements
• When should UAT be planned?

  Early in the project
• What are the preparation activities for UAT?

  Develop test data, plan and schedule specific tests, set up the test environment
• What is involved in managing and executing UAT?

  Assign responsibilities, document and track results, rework the plan for re-testing as required
• What types of tests are considered part of deployment?

  System tests, stress tests, and user acceptance tests
• What is required for an operational system?

  A fully populated database to support ongoing processing
• What are the sources for data needed at system startup?

  Files or databases of a system being replaced, manual records, files or databases from other systems, user feedback during normal operation
• What are some approaches to data conversion?

  Reuse existing databases, modify or update existing data, reload databases, copy and convert data, export and import data from distinct DBMSs, data entry from paper documents
• Why is training needed for end users and system operators?

  To emphasize hands-on use for specific business processes or functions
• What should end user training include?

  Hands-on training, practice exercises, questions and answers, and one-on-one tutorials
• How can system operator training differ from end user training?

  It can be much less formal when the operators aren’t end users
• What is system documentation?

  Descriptions of system requirements and architecture to help maintenance and upgrade of the system
• What is user documentation?

  How to interact with and use the system for end users and system operators
• Why is hands-on training important for system operators?

  It accommodates varying skill and experience levels through practice exercises and tutorials.
• How can experienced computer operators learn what they need to know?

  They can learn most or all they need through self-study.
• What is the purpose of system documentation?

  • Describes system requirements
  • Aids in maintenance and upgrades
• What is the purpose of user documentation?

  • Guides end users on how to interact with the system
  • Assists system operators in using the system
• What does the acronym IPO stand for in development order?

  Input, Process, Output
• What is top-down development?

  It implements top-level modules first in the development order.
• What is the purpose of using stubs in testing?

  Stubs are used for testing in top-down development.