Slit Lamp

• What is the primary use of slit-lamp biomicroscopy?

  To examine the anterior segment of the eye

  
• Why is slit-lamp biomicroscopy considered essential for eye examinations?

  It reveals early pathological changes in the anterior segment

  
• What part of the eye does the anterior segment refer to?

  The easily accessible part of the eye
• What does the anterior segment signal in terms of health?

  Changes in many disease processes in the eye and elsewhere in the body
• What is one of the uses of slit-lamp biomicroscopy in contact lens fitting?

  It is essential for proper contact lens fitting and aftercare

  
• What are the components of a routine slit-lamp examination?

  • Stereoscopic view of the fundus
  • Tonometry (Goldmann applanation)
  • Gonioscopy for glaucoma assessment
  • Anterior chamber depth measurement
  • Inflammation assessment
  • Anterior segment imaging
  • Foreign body removal
• What conditions can be observed in the eyelids during a slit-lamp examination?

  Meibomianitis, blepharitis, hordeolum, ectropion
• What abnormalities can be seen in the lashes during a slit-lamp examination?

  Trichiasis, pediculosis, distichiasis
• What condition is indicated by dry eye during a slit-lamp examination?

  Dry eye syndrome
• What can be observed in the conjunctiva during a slit-lamp examination?

  Conjunctivitis
• What abnormalities can be seen in the cornea during a slit-lamp examination?

  Infiltrates, pannus, pterygium
• What types of pupillary responses can be observed?

  Anomalous pupillary responses, irregular pupil
• What conditions can be observed in the iris during a slit-lamp examination?

  Iris atrophy, transillumination

  
• What can be assessed in the anterior chamber during a slit-lamp examination?

  Narrow angle, cells/flare
• What are the components of a Haag-Streit style slit-lamp?

  • Eyepieces
  • Chinrest
  • Joystick
  • Beam width and height controls
  • Filters
  • Magnification settings
  • Fixation light
  • Forehead rest

  
• What is the total magnification ratio of most slit lamps?

  10x, 16x, 25x, 40x
• What is the diopter adjustment range for most slit lamps?

  ±6D
• How is the slit width adjusted on a slit lamp?

  Continuously variable from 0 to 14mm
• What is the purpose of the slit angle adjustment on a slit lamp?

  To vary the angle of illumination from 0º to 180º
• What types of filters are commonly used in slit lamps?

  Thermal safety, UV, red-free, cobalt blue
• What are the uses of the red-free filter in slit-lamp examinations?

  • Enhance contrast for blood vessels
  • Identify hemorrhages and microaneurysms
  • Assess corneal or iris neovascularization
  • Examine retinal nerve fiber layer
• What is the purpose of the cobalt blue filter in slit-lamp examinations?

  • Viewing fluorescein
  • Identifying damage to epithelial cells
  • Assessing corneal abrasions
  • Useful for Seidel test and Keyser Fleischer ring in keratoconus
• What is the recommended approach for magnification during slit-lamp examination?

  Start with low magnification and increase as needed
• What are the techniques used in slit-lamp biomicroscopy?

  • Direct illumination
  • Indirect illumination
  • Retro illumination
  • Sclerotic scatter
  • Vital staining (e.g., fluorescein)
• What is the purpose of direct illumination in slit-lamp examination?

  • General scanning
  • Optic section
  • Parallelepiped
  • Specular reflection

  
• What is the beam angle and width for general scanning in direct illumination?

  Beam angle is variable, and width is wide
• What is the purpose of the optic section technique in slit-lamp examination?

  To provide maximum contrast and assess depth of lesions
• What is the beam angle and width for the optic section technique?

  Beam angle is 60 degrees, and beam width is narrow
• What is the purpose of the parallelepiped technique in slit-lamp examination?

  To assess the texture and integrity of corneal and lens surfaces

  
• What is the beam angle and width for the parallelepiped technique?

  Beam angle is 60 degrees, and beam width is 2 mm
• What is the purpose of indirect illumination in slit-lamp examination?

  To observe faint irregularities and deeper areas of tissue
• What is the beam angle and width for indirect illumination?

  Beam angle is 60 degrees, and beam width is 1 mm
• What is the purpose of retroillumination in slit-lamp examination?

  To observe structures using light reflected from deeper structures
• What is the beam angle and width for retroillumination?

  Beam angle is 60 degrees, and beam width is 1 mm
• What is the use of a small spot technique in slit-lamp examination?

  To examine the anterior chamber and detect floating debris
• What is the required room condition for using the small spot technique?

  The room must be dark with maximum intensity
• What are the key components of a Zeiss style slit-lamp?

  • Chinrest
  • Fixation light
  • Forehead rest
  • Joystick
  • Lock stage
• What is specular reflection used for in microscopy?

  Viewing corneal endothelium, lens capsule, and tear film.

  
• How does the angle of the incident beam relate to the angle of observation in specular reflection?

  The angle of the incident beam equals the angle of observation.
• What type of surfaces does specular reflection provide a mirror-like reflection from?

  Smooth surfaces of the anterior segment.