biochem 1

• What are the main routes of information in nucleic acids?

  Replication, transcription, and translation

  
• What causes hyperuricosuria and hyperuricemia in Dalmatian dogs?

  Uric acid deposits: uroliths
• What is a genetic disease?

  Disorder caused by an alteration in a gene
• What is a hereditary genetic disease?

  Disorder caused by an alteration in a gene that is present in the germ line
• What is a gene?

  DNA sequence that encodes the sequence of a final product
• What is a genome?

  All the genetic information encoded in a cell
• What does a gene consist of?

  All the DNA that encodes the primary sequence of some final gene product
• What are regulatory sequences in DNA?

  Sequences that provide signals that may denote the beginning or end of the genes
• How is each amino acid of a polypeptide chain coded?

  By a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a single strand of DNA
• What types of organisms contain genetic material?

  • Bacteria (DNA)
  • Parasites (DNA)
  • Viruses (DNA or RNA)
• What is the structure of chromosomes in eukaryotes?

  Complex organization with a specific number of chromosomes (2n)
• What are introns?

  Segments of DNA that do not code for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
• What percentage of the human genome consists of highly repetitive sequences?

  3%
• What is the structure of a chromosome?

  • Centromere: attachment point for proteins linking to the mitotic spindle
  • Telomere: end of eukaryotic chromosome with repeated sequences

  
• How do eukaryotic genes differ from prokaryotic genes?

  • Eukaryotic genes are discontinuous
  • Typical eukaryotic gene has more intron sequences than exon sequences
  • Introns and exons can make up to 30% of the human genome