Ibaloy

• Ibaloy


  -Popularly known as the tourism haven of the north, the beautiful province of Benguet is located north of Manila
• Ibaloys who first settled were believed to be part of the second wave of Malay migrants who landed on the shores of Pangasinan.
• The Ibaloy is referred to as shi-yay (here) mango (territorial) "shy but proudly territorial." The Nabaloi word shi-yay, meaning "here," is always mistakenly interpreted to mean "shy" or "timid." In fact, shi-yay means they are "here." The Ibaloy may not be as assertive as other groups, but they are proudly territorial, contrary to being shy or timid.
• Ikulos

  • Are Ibaloy’s that are found along the riverbanks
  • Bokod, Itogon, and Kabayan
• Irontog

  • group of Ibaloy’s that live in mountains
  • Ibaloy word meaning mountain
• De‘vit

  -Woman’s traditional dress

  -made originally from binalbal (cloth made from the bark of the wild bread fruit or balete). Women patiently pieced together the cloth from the bark for their skirts.
• de'vit is the skirt with two or more layers; the blouse or sa'dey (upper garment) is called kambal or its alternative, the sambr, made of printed material, either checkered, plaid, or striped is a loose, closed-neck blouse with long sleeves. The kambal is a three-fourths sleeved blouse of checkered material, layered, and is thicker compared to the sambra.
• -The cloth of black, white, and red bands or stripes is called bakket

  -The checkered part is called kambayashu.
• Kuval

  -loincloth worn by Ibaloy men

  -It is usually white with a dark blue border called kulebaw

  -the garment is used during the cañao to tie the hands and feet of men who are rowdy
• Samey


  -a series of coiled bronze rings (at least three) joined one after the other in graduated sizes
• Uni

  -are necklaces made out of coins of Mexican currency

  -The largest coin is a silver peso called balujuk.
• -is a bracelet of coiled bronze whichis brought out only during certainrituals. The bracelet that covers themiddle of the arm is called dinsung

  Karing
• Baney

  -only ornament worn by men

  -worn between the knee and thecalf of the leg and is made ofrattan or nito

  -batding if it is made of bronze.
• Shekang -plate of beaten gold to cover theupper front teeth of women as anadornment and to show theiraffluence and wealth.
• A regular Ibaloy housemeasures 12 by 12 feet and iselevated about five feet or moreabove the ground
• the baknang (rich person) from theabiteg (poor person)

  -The house of the bakang is an all-woodstructure

  • the poor is of bamboo and lighter

  materials

  -but both houses have the same roofingmaterial, dem'ma

  -A house made of wooden materials iscalled alang, while that made of bamboois called dokbot.
• -small and low wooden stools

  Shetmog

  Bangko

  -long wooden bench
• Kawil-made out of coconut shells(Bowl)

  Akdo

  -wooden ladle(serving spoon)

  Sakdong

  -wooden dipper(cooking andstirring)

  Seded/Taliyap/Sahob

  -small square or round basket(Rattan)
• Taed- -knife

  Kutsara/Kubyertos

  -spoons

  Bajuan

  -wooden mortar

  Digao

  -winnower(Rice Bran)
• Shap-olan

  -cooking area

  Shakilan

  -cooking stove

  So-olan

  -hung small wood and stickframes in the ceiling

  Kansharo/Kambang

  -cast-iron pots
• Paljok

  -frying pan

  Shakilan

  -wash area

  Dulang/Damisaan

  -wooden table
• Sili

  Dinambog

  -boiled

  Bubud/Buvod

  -yeast

  Salaw

  -clay jar
• Kintoman -red rice

  Dinambog

  -boiled

  Bubud/Buvod

  -yeast

  Salaw

  -clay jar
• Ara’sho (plow)

  • used to cultivate the fields, is madeof wood or steel

  Saloysoy (harrow / grader)

  • is for crushing the soil to make itfiner in preparation for the planting
• Pa’ru’dang (wooden yoke)

  • is an important implement used on thecarabao’s neck to pull the plow andharrow

  Bitad (dried carabao or cowhide)

  • Used as rope to tie the yoke on thecarabao’s neck.
  • The carabao is the main partner and best friend ofthe farmer, who always makes certain that hisanimal is well-fed and brought to a safe openspace for grazing
• The major produce of the Ibaloy is rice.

  During the rainy season, fields are

  prepared for the common rice variety

  called talon.

  Right after harvesting their regular rice

  crop,they have to prepare the fields again

  for their second crop which is the special

  variety called kintoman (red rice)
• • A particular rice paddy is identified andprepared as bunubunan (seedling area)where the bunubon (rice seedlings) are tobe planted ahead of the planting season.
  • When the fields are ready for planting,seedlings are gently uprooted by thewomen and carried for distribution by themen to the assigned planting areas
• • A month after, the women go back to the fields todo the kamas (weeding) , to rid the newly-plantedrice of weeds and ensure their survival and betterproduce.
  • Come harvest time, farmers get ready by preparingtheir tools such as the dahem (knife-like sickleheld in the hand to cut the rice stalks in the field.
• • Ibaloy women are known to be fast workers with thiskind of harvest technique, and are bent all day underthe hot sun.
  • Rice stalks are inserted in the pangawan beforethey are tied with banban, to become one bigbundle of palay called tan-ay (bundled palay)ready to be carried home.
• Avong (a small shack made of wood,

  bamboo sticks, and dem’ma) is built to

  serve as shelter and resting place during

  lunch break.

  if the house is far from the field they

  temporarily stays in the shack for several

  days until the work is done.
• • They cultivae an uma /kaingin (cleared flatland ormountain slope to plant dokto (sweet potato) andother root crops.
• • Products or farm produce are transported homewith the use of the pasakad (wooden carrier)pulled by a nuwang (carabao).
  • The parudang is attached to the nape of thenuwang
  • Sometimes, children are allowed to ride on theback of the animal for fun.
• • The women use kayabang ( a cone-shaped basket)made of rattan with e-pid (rattan strap), which isplaced on the forehead as the kayabang is laid on theback.
  • When going out to visit relatives or attending acañao, women wear their devit with a palting(woven rattan bag) used as a purse
• • Men use paseking (rattan backpack) which is convenientfor carrying personal supplies.
  • In hauling farm products like bundled of palay, the menuse sak’vil, a piece of bamboo sharpened at bothends.This enables one person to carry two bundles at thesame time.
• • The most common catch from the riverinclude: urang/udang (mountain shrimp)and kaka’dang (small fresh water crabs)
  • Fishing gear made of rattan and bamboo
  • Can be done with bare hands or with fishinggears, such as several fish traps made ofbamboo.
  • With luck, the Ibaloy may get to use thepotpot (fish carrier) to bring homeabundant catch.
• Cattle Raising

  Part of Ibaloy history and a major economic activity is

  cattle-raising, but eventually declined during the

  American regime.

  • Today, Ibaloy are engaged in various businesses bothhere and abroad.
  • But even if an Ibaloy has left home for greener pastures,he will always look back with pride to his roots andheritage;
  • “En-a-ha-rak tep na-ha man-sespi” (Am going homebecause I miss my folks) are often the words of Ibaloywho long for their homes and families.
• • Residence patterns of the Ibaloy follow three options: move toa new home; join the bride’s family household called shenning;or join the groom’s family
  • The choice of where to live for a newly-married couple couldeither be tekem (to live temporarily with the fam household) orman-desin (to live in a new home)
• • It is customary for either the parents of the groom or bride tosay “shi-y ay kayo” (stay with us a while). This would givethem parental support and guidance as they embark on buildinga new family unit, the underlying principle of the te’kem
  • However, customary law on inheritance requires that either theeldest or the youngest should live with the parents and inheritthe family house.
• • Composed of the tatang (father), nanang (mother) andanak/aanak (Child/children).

  Nuclear and Extended Family

  • Extended family members called Agi
  • The head of the extended family is the ka-amaan (oldest livingrelative who is consulted and informed of family concerns anddecisions.
  • Today the nuclear and extended families bond more closely atclan reunions which may be held annually.
  • This has replaced the oral genealogy chanted as ba’diws(poetic chants in the past, along with the performances ofrituals and festivities
• • The sih system of kinship which traces descent through boththe father’s and mother’s side.

  Kin Groups

  • Members of a kinship group are called kait incontrast to non-members called to-o.
  • Oral genealogy-tracing was in the past a part ofrituals and celebrations.
  • Kin groups are always invited personally by acelebrant, especially in the performance of a peshit(the grandest of all thanksgiving rituals