Module 2

    Cards (42)

    • Why is computer literacy vital in today’s world?
      It is essential for success in various personal and professional contexts.
    • What is the Information Processing Cycle?

      It involves collecting data (input), processing it, and producing information (output).
    • What are the different types of computers mentioned in the study material?
      • Personal computers
      • Mobile computers and mobile devices
      • Game consoles
      • Servers
      • Mainframes
      • Supercomputers
      • Embedded computers
    • What is a personal computer?

      A personal computer can perform all input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.
    • What are examples of mobile computers?
      Notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs.
    • What is a mobile device?

      A computing device small enough to hold in your hand, such as smartphones and PDAs.
    • What is the purpose of a game console?
      It is designed for single-player or multiplayer video games.
    • What role does a server play in a network?
      A server controls access to hardware, software, and resources on a network.
    • What is a mainframe computer?
      A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.
    • What distinguishes a supercomputer?
      It is the fastest, most powerful computer capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second.
    • What is an embedded computer?
      A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.
    • What are some examples of consumer electronics that use embedded computers?
      • Mobile and digital telephones
      • Digital televisions
      • Cameras
      • Video recorders
      • DVD players and recorders
      • Answering machines
    • What are some examples of home automation devices that use embedded computers?
      • Thermostats
      • Sprinkling systems
      • Security monitoring systems
      • Appliances
      • Lights
    • What are some examples of embedded computers in automobiles?
      • Antilock brakes
      • Engine control modules
      • Airbag controllers
      • Cruise control
    • What are some examples of process controllers and robotics that use embedded computers?
      • Remote monitoring systems
      • Power monitors
      • Machine controllers
      • Medical devices
    • What are some examples of computer devices and office machines?
      • Keyboards
      • Printers
      • Faxes
      • Copiers
    • What is the Abacus?
      An ancient counting device using beads on rods, still widely used in Asia.
    • What is the Slide Rule?
      A device based on Napier’s rules for logarithms, used until the 1970s.
    • What is the Jacquard Loom?
      A device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the manufacturing of textiles with complex patterns.
    • Who designed the Analytical Engine?
      Charles Babbage.
    • What were the biggest advancements that led to modern computers?
      Electricity, transistors, microchips, and data storage.
    • What characterizes the first generation of electronic computers?
      • Used vacuum tubes
      • Vacuum tubes protect circuitry by having no air inside
      • Example: UNIVAC
    • What is the UNIVAC?
      An electrical computer containing thousands of vacuum tubes that utilizes punch cards for input and output.
    • Who programmed the UNIVAC?
      Grace Hopper.
    • What is the significance of the first computer "bug"?
      Grace Hopper found a moth stuck in a relay, leading to the term "debugging."
    • What characterizes the second generation of computers?
      • Used transistors instead of vacuum tubes
      • Smaller, faster, and cheaper than first-generation computers
      • Developed by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley
    • What characterizes the third generation of computers?
      • Introduced integrated circuits (ICs)
      • Reduced size and increased speed compared to second-generation computers
    • What characterizes the fourth generation of computers?
      • Took advantage of microprocessors (CPUs)
      • Enabled computers to fit easily on desks and introduced laptops
    • What characterizes the fifth generation of computers?
      • Beginning to use artificial intelligence (AI)
      • Significant advancements but still room for improvement
    • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computers?
      Advantages:
      • Speed
      • Reliability
      • Consistency
      • Storage
      • Communications

      Disadvantages:
      • Health risks
      • Violation of privacy
      • Public safety concerns
      • Impact on labor force
      • Environmental impact
    • What is green computing?
      • Reducing electricity consumption
      • Minimizing environmental waste
      • Strategies include recycling, regulating manufacturing, extending computer life, and proper disposal
    • What are the main components of a computer?
      • Hardware
      • Software
      • Data
      • People
      • Procedures
    • What is the role of input and output devices in a computer?
      • Input devices allow data entry
      • Output devices convey information to users
    • What is the system unit of a computer?
      • Contains electronic components used to process data
    • What is the function of a storage device?
      • Records and retrieves items to and from storage media
    • What is the purpose of a communications device in a computer?
      • Enables data exchange between computers or mobile devices
    • What is software?

      Software, or a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
    • What is the difference between system software and application software?

      System software includes the operating system and utility programs, while application software performs specific tasks for users.
    • What is the process of installing software?

      It is the process of setting up software to work with the computer and other hardware.
    • What is the role of a programmer?
      A programmer develops software or writes instructions that direct the computer to process data into information.