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Introduction to Computing M3
Module 2
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Yujiro Hanma
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Cards (42)
Why is computer literacy vital in today’s world?
It is essential for success in various
personal
and
professional
contexts.
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What is the
Information Processing Cycle
?
It involves
collecting data
(input),
processing
it, and producing information (output).
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What are the different types of computers mentioned in the study material?
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
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What is a
personal computer
?
A
personal computer
can perform all input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself.
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What are examples of mobile computers?
Notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs.
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What is a
mobile device
?
A computing device small enough to hold in your
hand
, such as smartphones and PDAs.
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What is the purpose of a game console?
It is designed for
single-player
or
multiplayer
video games.
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What role does a server play in a network?
A server controls access to
hardware
,
software
, and resources on a network.
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What is a mainframe computer?
A large,
expensive
, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected
users simultaneously.
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What distinguishes a supercomputer?
It is the fastest, most powerful computer capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second.
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What is an embedded computer?
A
special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a
larger
product.
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What are some examples of consumer electronics that use embedded computers?
Mobile and digital telephones
Digital televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players and recorders
Answering machines
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What are some examples of home automation devices that use embedded computers?
Thermostats
Sprinkling
systems
Security
monitoring systems
Appliances
Lights
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What are some examples of embedded computers in automobiles?
Antilock brakes
Engine control modules
Airbag controllers
Cruise control
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What are some examples of process controllers and robotics that use embedded computers?
Remote
monitoring
systems
Power
monitors
Machine
controllers
Medical
devices
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What are some examples of computer devices and office machines?
Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers
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What is the Abacus?
An ancient counting device using beads on rods, still widely used in Asia.
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What is the Slide Rule?
A device based on
Napier’s
rules for
logarithms
, used until the 1970s.
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What is the Jacquard Loom?
A device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the manufacturing of textiles with complex patterns.
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Who designed the Analytical Engine?
Charles Babbage.
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What were the biggest advancements that led to modern computers?
Electricity,
transistors
, microchips, and
data storage.
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What characterizes the first generation of electronic computers?
Used
vacuum tubes
Vacuum tubes
protect circuitry by having no
air
inside
Example:
UNIVAC
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What is the UNIVAC?
An electrical computer containing thousands of
vacuum tubes
that utilizes
punch cards
for input and output.
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Who programmed the UNIVAC?
Grace Hopper.
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What is the significance of the first computer "bug"?
Grace Hopper
found a
moth
stuck in a relay, leading to the term "debugging."
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What characterizes the second generation of computers?
Used
transistors
instead of vacuum tubes
Smaller, faster, and cheaper than first-generation computers
Developed by John Bardeen,
Walter Brattain
, and
William Shockley
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What characterizes the third generation of computers?
Introduced integrated circuits (ICs)
Reduced size and increased speed compared to second-generation computers
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What characterizes the fourth generation of computers?
Took advantage of microprocessors (CPUs)
Enabled computers to fit easily on desks and introduced laptops
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What characterizes the fifth generation of computers?
Beginning to use artificial intelligence (AI)
Significant advancements but still room for improvement
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computers?
Advantages:
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Disadvantages:
Health
risks
Violation of
privacy
Public
safety concerns
Impact on
labor
force
Environmental
impact
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What is green computing?
Reducing electricity consumption
Minimizing
environmental waste
Strategies include
recycling
,
regulating
manufacturing, extending computer life, and proper disposal
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What are the main components of a computer?
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
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What is the role of input and output devices in a computer?
Input devices
allow
data
entry
Output devices
convey information
to
users
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What is the system unit of a computer?
Contains
electronic components
used to
process
data
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What is the function of a storage device?
Records and retrieves items to and from storage media
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What is the purpose of a communications device in a computer?
Enables
data exchange
between computers or
mobile devices
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What is
software
?
Software, or a program, tells the computer what tasks to
perform
and how to
perform
them.
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What is the difference between
system
software and
application
software?
System software includes the
operating system
and utility programs, while
application
software performs specific tasks for users.
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What is the process of installing
software
?
It is the process of setting up
software
to work with the
computer
and other hardware.
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What is the role of a programmer?
A programmer develops software or writes instructions that direct the
computer
to
process data
into information.
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