1B.2 The Exploration and Colonization of the New World

• Chronological order of European powers involved in the exploration of the New World, based on their primary focus and early activities.

  1️⃣ Spain: Wealth and Catholicism

  2️⃣ Portugal: Trade routes to Asia

  3️⃣ England: New territories and resources

  4️⃣ France: Competition with other powers
• What period saw extensive European exploration and colonization of the New World?

  1469-1598
• The period from 1469 to 1598 marked a significant shift in global power dynamics
• The colonization of the New World introduced new challenges to Spain, such as inflation and disease.
• What were the three primary motives behind Spanish exploration?

  Gold, God, Glory
• The Catholic Church justified Spanish exploration by aiming to convert indigenous populations to Christianity
• Which motive of Spanish exploration aimed to increase national wealth and economic power?

  Gold
• Match the European power with its primary motivations during the exploration era:

  Spain ↔️ Gold and Catholicism

  Portugal ↔️ Trade routes to Asia

  England ↔️ New territories and resources

  France ↔️ Competition with other powers
• Christopher Columbus embarked on four voyages to the New World between 1492 and 1502
• What territories did Columbus discover during his first voyage?

  San Salvador, Cuba, Hispaniola
• Columbus's voyages established Spain's presence in the Caribbean.
• When was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?

  June 7, 1494
• Under the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain gained control of lands west of the meridian
• The Treaty of Tordesillas shaped the distribution of colonial power in the New World.
• During what period did European exploration and colonization of the New World significantly shift global power dynamics?

  1469-1598
• Spain sought wealth in the New World through the conquest and exploitation of indigenous populations
• Portugal focused on establishing trading posts to gain wealth and control trade routes to Asia.
• Which European power colonized North America with settlers?

  England
• Colonization brought wealth to Spain but also challenges such as inflation and disease
• The primary motives behind Spanish exploration were gold, god, and glory. Arrange these in order of importance.

  1️⃣ Gold

  2️⃣ God

  3️⃣ Glory
• What precious metals did Spain seek in the New World to enhance its economic power?

  Gold and silver
• The Catholic Church aimed to convert indigenous populations to Christianity
• Spanish explorers sought fame and recognition through territorial expansion.
• How many voyages did Christopher Columbus make to the New World?

  Four
• Columbus's first voyage in 1492 established Spain's claim in the Caribbean
• Match the voyage of Columbus with its key discovery:

  1st Voyage ↔️ San Salvador

  2nd Voyage ↔️ Jamaica

  3rd Voyage ↔️ South American mainland

  4th Voyage ↔️ Central America
• What year was the Treaty of Tordesillas signed?

  1494
• The Treaty of Tordesillas granted Spain lands west of the established meridian
• Portugal gained control over Brazil and parts of Africa and Asia under the Treaty of Tordesillas.
• Who conquered the Aztec Empire?

  Hernán Cortés
• Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire by capturing their emperor Atahualpa
• The conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires led to cultural assimilation and the establishment of new Spanish colonies.
• Who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire?

  Hernán Cortés
• Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa
• The conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires led to the exploitation of natural resources.
• What was the primary economic activity in New Spain?

  Silver mining
• The encomienda system was used to control indigenous labor
• The loss of communal land was a key impact of colonization on indigenous populations.
• What does the Columbian Exchange refer to?

  Biological exchange
• Which European power colonized Brazil?

  Portugal