1.4.1 Triglycerides

• Triglycerides are the main component of body fat in humans and other animals.
• Match the triglyceride component with its description:

  Glycerol ↔️ Three-carbon molecule with hydroxyl groups

  Fatty Acids ↔️ Long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group

  Ester Bonds ↔️ Links between glycerol and fatty acids
• Steps in the formation of triglycerides:

  1️⃣ Glycerol hydroxyl groups bond with fatty acid carboxyl groups

  2️⃣ Ester bonds are formed through condensation reactions

  3️⃣ Water molecules are released

  4️⃣ A triglyceride molecule is formed
• Triglycerides are stored as energy in adipose tissue.
• Triglycerides are formed from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules bonded through ester bonds formed via a condensation reaction.
• Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules through ester bonds formed by a condensation reaction.
• Triglycerides provide insulation by forming a layer beneath the skin.
• Match the function of triglycerides with its description:

  Energy Storage ↔️ Main form of energy storage in adipose tissue

  Insulation ↔️ Provides a layer of insulation beneath the skin

  Protection ↔️ Protects vital organs by cushioning them
• What do triglycerides under the skin help maintain during cold weather?

  Body warmth
• Triglycerides protect vital organs by providing cushioning
• Triglycerides are the main form of energy storage in adipose tissue.
• Where are triglycerides primarily stored in the body?

  Adipose tissue
• Triglycerides beneath the skin prevent heat loss
• Triglycerides surround organs like the kidneys to prevent injury.
• What happens to excess calories in the body?

  Stored as triglycerides
• Triglycerides are stored in fat cells within adipose tissue.
• What are the three categories of triglycerides based on their food sources?

  Saturated, unsaturated, trans
• Match the type of fat with its primary food source:

  Saturated ↔️ Meat and dairy

  Unsaturated ↔️ Oils and nuts

  Trans ↔️ Processed foods
• What type of bonds link fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides?

  Ester bonds
• Triglycerides are formed by one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
• Steps in the formation of triglycerides

  1️⃣ Glycerol combines with a fatty acid

  2️⃣ Ester bond is formed through condensation

  3️⃣ Water molecule is removed

  4️⃣ Process repeats for all three fatty acids
• What are the three main functions of triglycerides in the body?

  Energy storage, insulation, protection
• What are the primary functions of triglycerides in adipose tissue?

  Energy storage, insulation, cushioning
• Triglycerides serve as the primary form of energy storage in adipose tissue.
• Match the function of triglycerides with its description:

  Energy Storage ↔️ Main form of energy storage in adipose tissue

  Insulation ↔️ Provides a layer of insulation beneath the skin

  Protection ↔️ Protects vital organs by cushioning them
• Triglycerides help maintain body temperature in cold environments.
• What happens to excess calories in the body?

  Stored as triglycerides
• Triglycerides are primarily found in adipose tissue.
• Order the process of energy storage and release involving triglycerides:

  1️⃣ Excess calories are converted into triglycerides

  2️⃣ Triglycerides are transported to fat cells

  3️⃣ Triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue

  4️⃣ Triglycerides are broken down during energy needs
• Triglycerides are used as energy during exercise or fasting.
• Match the aspect of energy storage with its description:

  Form of Energy Storage ↔️ Triglycerides

  Where They're Stored ↔️ Adipose tissue

  When Triglycerides Are Used ↔️ During energy needs
• What are the three categories of triglycerides in our diet?

  Saturated, unsaturated, trans fats
• Unsaturated fats, found in olive oil and almonds, lower LDL cholesterol.
• Saturated fats increase LDL cholesterol levels.
• Where are trans fats commonly found?

  Fried snacks and baked goods
• High triglyceride levels can lead to atherosclerosis and heart attacks.
• High triglyceride levels can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may lead to liver inflammation.
• What are the primary hormones that regulate triglyceride levels?

  Insulin, glucagon, cortisol