5.2.2 Ionic Equations

• What do ionic equations represent in chemical reactions?

  Active ions only
• Ionic equations exclude spectator ions because they do not change during the reaction.
• Ionic equations show all reactants and products in their complete molecular form.

  False
• Match the type of equation with its description:

  Full Chemical Equation ↔️ Includes all reactants and products

  Ionic Equation ↔️ Focuses on essential changes
• Which ions are spectator ions in the reaction $AgNO_{3}(aq) +$$NaCl(aq) \rightarrow AgCl(s) +$$NaNO_{3}(aq)$?


  $Na^ +$ and $NO_{3}^ -$
• Ionic equations are essential for balancing complex reactions because they simplify the process by focusing on the active ions.
• Ionic compounds are formed between metals and non-metals.
• Ionic compounds dissolve into ions when placed in water.
• Match the step in writing a complete ionic equation with its action:

  Identify ionic compounds ↔️ Break each soluble compound into ions

  Include spectator ions ↔️ They do not participate in the reaction
• What is the complete ionic equation for the reaction CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) + 2NaCl(aq)</latex>?

  $Ca^{2 + }(aq) +$$2Cl^ - (aq) +$$2Na^ +$$(aq) +$$2OH^ - (aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) +$$2Na^ +$$(aq) +$$2Cl^ - (aq)$
• Spectator ions change their chemical state during a reaction.

  False
• What do ionic equations represent in chemical reactions?

  Active ions only
• Ionic equations exclude spectator ions.
• Ionic equations include all reactants and products of a chemical reaction.

  False
• What do ionic equations primarily focus on in a chemical reaction?

  Essential changes
• Match the feature with its description in ionic equations:

  Includes all reactants and products ↔️ Full chemical equation

  Excludes spectator ions ↔️ Ionic equation
• In the reaction AgNO_{3}(aq) + NaCl(aq) \rightarrow AgCl(s) + NaNO_{3}(aq)</latex>, the spectator ions are Na and $NO_{3}$.
• Spectator ions participate directly in the chemical reaction.

  False
• What type of bonding is found in ionic compounds?

  Electrostatic attraction
• Ionic compounds typically dissolve into ions in water.
• Ionic compounds conduct electricity in their solid state.

  False
• Steps to write a complete ionic equation

  1️⃣ Identify ionic compounds

  2️⃣ Break soluble compounds into ions

  3️⃣ Include spectator ions
• In the reaction CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) + 2NaCl(aq)</latex>, the complete ionic equation is $Ca^{2 + }(aq) +$$2Cl^ - (aq) +$$2Na^ +$$(aq) +$$2OH^ - (aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) +$$2Na^ +$$(aq) +$$2Cl^ - (aq)$, and the spectator ions are Na and $Cl$.
• Which ion forms the precipitate in the reaction $CaCl_{2}(aq) +$$2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) +$$2NaCl(aq)$?


  $Ca^{2 + }$
• Spectator ions directly participate in the chemical reaction.

  False
• In the reaction CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) + 2NaCl(aq)</latex>, the spectator ions are Na and $Cl$.
• Spectator ions remain unchanged
• Spectator ions participate directly in chemical reactions.

  False
• Spectator ions are excluded from net ionic equations
• Which ions are spectator ions in the reaction $CaCl_{2}(aq) +$$2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) +$$2NaCl(aq)$?


  $Na^ +$ and $Cl^ -$
• Spectator ions are involved in the chemical transformation during a reaction.

  False
• Active ions are directly involved in chemical reactions
• Steps to write a net ionic equation

  1️⃣ Write the balanced full chemical equation

  2️⃣ Convert soluble ionic compounds into ions

  3️⃣ Remove spectator ions

  4️⃣ Simplify the equation
• What is the net ionic equation for the reaction $Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) +$$2KI(aq) \rightarrow PbI_{2}(s) +$$2KNO_{3}(aq)$?


  $Pb^{2 + }(aq) +$$2I^ - (aq) \rightarrow PbI_{2}(s)$
• Match the equation type with its description:

  Full Chemical Equation ↔️ Includes spectator ions and shows precipitate, gas, or water formation

  Complete Ionic Equation ↔️ Includes all ions in the reaction

  Net Ionic Equation ↔️ Excludes spectator ions
• Net ionic equations simplify reactions by focusing on the true chemical change.
• What do net ionic equations exclude from a chemical reaction?

  Spectator ions
• To write net ionic equations, you must identify and cancel out spectator ions on both sides.
• The spectator ions in the reaction CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_{2}(s) +2NaCl(aq)</latex> are $Na^ +$ and $Cl^ -$
• Steps to write net ionic equations

  1️⃣ Start with the complete ionic equation

  2️⃣ Identify and cancel out spectator ions