Amino acids are classified into four types based on the properties of their R-groups
Basic amino acids have positively charged R-groups due to the presence of amino groups
The amino group in an amino acid has the structure -NH<sub>2</sub>
What determines the unique properties of each amino acid?
The R group
The R group varies between different amino acids and determines their unique properties
The amino group contributes to peptide bond formation in proteins.
Match the component of an amino acid with its role:
Amino Group ↔️ Contributes to peptide bond formation
Carboxyl Group ↔️ Forms peptide bonds
R Group ↔️ Determines unique properties
Amino acids have a general structure centered around a central carbon
The carboxyl group in an amino acid has the structure -COOH
What is the general formula for an amino acid?
H2N−CH(R)−COOH
The variable R group in an amino acid affects its interactions and contributes to the protein's overall structure
Arrange the steps in forming a peptide bond between two amino acids:
1️⃣ The carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another
2️⃣ A molecule of water is released
3️⃣ A peptide bond is formed
The amino group of an amino acid contributes to the formation of peptide bonds.
What is the central atom in the structure of an amino acid?
Central carbon atom
An amino acid contains an amino group with the structure -NH<sub>2</sub>
What is the structure of the carboxyl group in an amino acid?
-COOH
What is the role of the variable R group in an amino acid?
Determines unique properties
The general formula for an amino acid is H2N−CH(R)−COOH.
Match the amino acid component with its role:
Amino Group ↔️ Contributes to peptide bond formation
Carboxyl Group ↔️ Forms peptide bonds
R Group ↔️ Determines unique properties
Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body
What is the source of essential amino acids?
Diet
Non-essential amino acids are synthesized by the body.
What are the starting compounds for synthesizing alanine in the body?
Ammonia and pyruvate
Match the type of amino acid with its characteristic:
Essential Amino Acids ↔️ Obtained through diet
Non-Essential Amino Acids ↔️ Synthesized by the body
The R group of an amino acid determines its unique properties
What are amino acids the building blocks of?
Proteins
Which group in an amino acid contributes to peptide bond formation?
Amino group
The R group affects the overall structure and function of a protein.
How are non-essential amino acids synthesized in the body?
From other compounds
What type of reaction forms a peptide bond between amino acids?
Condensation reaction
The formation of a peptide bond releases a molecule of water
What are the byproducts of peptide bond formation?
Water molecule
A peptide bond is formed through a condensation reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, releasing a water molecule
A peptide bond forms through a condensation reaction that produces a water molecule as a byproduct
Order the steps in the formation of a protein from amino acids:
1️⃣ Condensation reaction between amino acids
2️⃣ Formation of peptide bonds
3️⃣ Release of water molecules
4️⃣ Formation of polypeptides
5️⃣ Folding into a protein
Which type of amino acids are hydrophobic and tend to be buried inside protein structures?
Non-polar
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins
The R-group of an amino acid determines its unique properties and interactions within a protein
Match the amino acid component with its role:
Amino Group ↔️ Contributes to peptide bond formation