6.4.3 Polymerization

• What is polymerization?

  Combining monomers to form polymers
• Alkenes participate in addition polymerization because of their double bonds.
• In addition polymerization, monomers join without losing any atoms
• Which type of compound is commonly used as a monomer in addition polymerization?

  Alkenes
• What small molecule is eliminated during condensation polymerization?

  Water
• Steps in the addition polymerization of alkenes

  1️⃣ Initiation: Catalyst breaks the double bond

  2️⃣ Propagation: Reactive monomer bonds with others

  3️⃣ Termination: Chain growth ends
• Addition polymerization typically requires a catalyst
• Condensation polymerization forms a polymer and a small molecule like water.
• What type of molecules are used as monomers in condensation polymerization?

  Molecules with two functional groups
• Match the step in addition polymerization with its description:

  Initiation ↔️ Catalyst creates reactive species

  Propagation ↔️ Reactive monomer extends chain

  Termination ↔️ Chain growth ends
• What role does a peroxide catalyst play in the initiation step of addition polymerization?

  Breaks the double bond
• Arrange the following steps in the correct order for addition polymerization:

  1️⃣ Catalyst breaks the double bond

  2️⃣ Reactive monomer bonds with others

  3️⃣ Chain growth ends
• In addition polymerization, monomers join without losing any atoms
• Match the type of polymerization with its characteristic:

  Addition Polymerization ↔️ Monomers join without losing atoms

  Condensation Polymerization ↔️ Elimination of small molecule
• What is formed when ethene monomers combine through addition polymerization?

  Polyethene
• Addition polymerization occurs with alkenes due to their double bonds.
• In the initiation step of addition polymerization, a catalyst creates a reactive species
• Arrange the following steps in the correct order for the mechanism of addition polymerization:

  1️⃣ Catalyst breaks the double bond

  2️⃣ Reactive monomer bonds with others

  3️⃣ Chain growth ends
• How many key steps are involved in the mechanism of addition polymerization?

  Three
• In the initiation step of addition polymerization, a catalyst breaks the double bond
• What happens to monomers during the propagation step of addition polymerization?

  They bond with each other
• In the termination step of addition polymerization, the reactive ends combine to form a stable polymer
• The double bond in ethene is broken during the initiation step of its polymerization.
• What is the term for the small molecules that combine to form a polymer?

  Monomers
• In condensation polymerization, monomers join together with the elimination of a small molecule
• Addition polymerization results in the formation of a small molecule along with a polymer.

  False
• What type of compounds are typically used in addition polymerization?

  Unsaturated compounds
• In addition polymerization, monomers join without losing any atoms
• Arrange the steps of addition polymerization in the correct order.

  1️⃣ Initiation

  2️⃣ Propagation

  3️⃣ Termination
• What is the monomer used to create polyethene?

  Ethene
• Polyalkenes are resistant to acids and alkalis
• Polyalkenes are good electrical insulators.
• Match the polymer with its monomer:

  Polyethene ↔️ Ethene

  Polypropene ↔️ Propene

  Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ↔️ Vinyl Chloride

  Polystyrene ↔️ Styrene
• What is the monomer of polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE)?

  Tetrafluoroethene
• PTFE is used in non-stick cookware and seals
• Polyalkenes are made from alkenes like ethene and propene.
• What property of polyalkenes makes them suitable for packaging films and containers?

  Strength and flexibility
• Polyalkenes are resistant to acids and alkalis
• Polyalkenes are stable at high temperatures, making them suitable for automotive parts.
• What property of polyalkenes makes them ideal for wire insulation?

  Good electrical insulators