5.1.2 Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

• What is another name for the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?

  Calvin cycle
• The light-independent reactions convert CO_{2} into glucose.
• The light-independent reactions require direct light to occur.

  False
• Which molecule does $CO_{2}$ combine with during carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?


  RuBP
• During carbon fixation, $CO_{2}$ combines with RuBP to form 3-PGA.
• ATP and NADPH are used during the reduction stage of the Calvin cycle.
• What is 3-PGA converted into during the reduction stage of the Calvin cycle?

  G3P
• The regeneration of RuBP is necessary to continue the Calvin cycle.
• The regeneration of RuBP requires G3P.
• Stages of the Calvin Cycle in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Carbon fixation

  2️⃣ Reduction

  3️⃣ Regeneration of RuBP
• Match the stage of the Calvin Cycle with its key reaction:

  Carbon fixation ↔️ $CO_{2}$ + RuBP $\rightarrow$ 3-PGA

  Reduction ↔️ 3-PGA $+$$ATP +$$NADPH \rightarrow$ G3P

  Regeneration ↔️ G3P $\rightarrow$ RuBP
• The Calvin Cycle is essential for the production of glucose in photosynthesis.
• ATP and NADPH are used to convert CO_{2} into G3P.
• Stages of the Calvin Cycle in the correct order

  1️⃣ Carbon fixation

  2️⃣ Reduction

  3️⃣ Regeneration of RuBP
• Match the Calvin Cycle stage with its key reaction

  Carbon fixation ↔️ $CO_{2}$ + RuBP $\rightarrow$ 3-PGA

  Reduction ↔️ 3-PGA + ATP + NADPH $\rightarrow$ G3P

  Regeneration of RuBP ↔️ G3P $\rightarrow$ RuBP
• The Calvin Cycle converts $CO_{2}$ into glucose.
• What is another name for the light-independent reactions?

  Calvin Cycle
• Light-independent reactions require direct light.

  False
• In carbon fixation, $CO_{2}$ combines with RuBP to form 3-PGA.
• What two molecules are used to convert 3-PGA into G3P during reduction?

  ATP and NADPH
• During the regeneration of RuBP, G3P is converted back into RuBP.
• What are the three main stages of the Calvin Cycle?

  Carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration
• During carbon fixation, $CO_{2}$ combines with RuBP
• ATP and NADPH are used during the reduction stage of the Calvin Cycle.
• What does G3P regenerate during the third stage of the Calvin Cycle?

  RuBP
• Match the stage of the Calvin Cycle with its key reaction:

  Carbon fixation ↔️ $CO_{2}$ + RuBP $\rightarrow$ 3-PGA

  Reduction ↔️ 3-PGA + ATP + NADPH $\rightarrow$ G3P

  Regeneration ↔️ G3P $\rightarrow$ RuBP
• Carbon fixation is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBisCO
• The reaction between $CO_{2}$ and RuBP forms a stable 6-carbon intermediate.


  False
• What compound immediately splits into two molecules of 3-PGA after carbon fixation?

  Unstable 6-carbon intermediate
• The reduction of 3-PGA to G3P uses ATP
• NADPH reduces 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to G3P.
• What are the two primary uses of G3P in the Calvin Cycle?

  Regenerate RuBP and produce glucose
• What are the light-independent reactions also known as?

  Calvin cycle
• During the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is converted into glucose
• Place the key steps of the Calvin Cycle in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Carbon fixation

  2️⃣ Reduction

  3️⃣ Regeneration of RuBP
• Light-independent reactions require direct light to occur.

  False
• Which molecule combines with carbon dioxide during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle?

  RuBP
• In the carbon fixation stage, $CO_{2}$ combines with RuBP to form 3-PGA.
• ATP and NADPH are used in the reduction stage of the Calvin Cycle to convert 3-PGA into G3P.
• Order the three main stages of the Calvin Cycle:

  1️⃣ Carbon fixation

  2️⃣ Reduction

  3️⃣ Regeneration of RuBP