6.2.2 Specific Immune Responses

• What is the specific immune response characterized by?

  Targeted defense against pathogens
• The specific immune response relies on recognizing unique antigens
• B cells are involved in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

  False
• What are the two main types of lymphocytes involved in specific immunity?

  T cells and B cells
• Stages of the specific immune response

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by macrophages

  2️⃣ Activation of T helper cells

  3️⃣ Proliferation of B and T cytotoxic cells

  4️⃣ Antibody production and cell killing

  5️⃣ Formation of memory cells
• In humoral immunity, what do B cells produce?

  Antibodies
• Cell-mediated immunity involves the destruction of infected cells by T cytotoxic cells.
• What is the primary role of T helper cells in specific immunity?

  Coordinate immune response
• In humoral immunity, antibodies neutralize pathogens
• Antibody production by B cells requires the activation of T helper cells.
• What is the main difference between innate and specific immunity?

  Specificity
• Innate immunity provides a non-specific defense against pathogens.
• Innate immunity has a delayed response time compared to specific immunity.

  False
• Which type of cells are involved in innate immunity but not specific immunity?

  Neutrophils
• Distinguish the features of innate and specific immunity

  1️⃣ Response Time: Immediate vs. Delayed

  2️⃣ Specificity: Non-specific vs. Specific

  3️⃣ Components: Physical barriers, neutrophils vs. B cells, T cells

  4️⃣ Mode of Action: Phagocytosis vs. Antibody production
• T cytotoxic cells directly kill infected cells without the involvement of antibodies.
• What is the role of memory cells in long-term immunity?

  Respond quickly to antigens
• T helper cells coordinate immune response by activating other immune cells
• T cytotoxic cells directly kill infected cells.
• What type of immunity do memory cells provide?

  Long-term immunity
• Match the type of lymphocyte with its function:

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies

  T helper cells ↔️ Activate immune cells

  T cytotoxic cells ↔️ Kill infected cells

  Memory cells ↔️ Long-term immunity
• Stages of the specific immune response

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by macrophages

  2️⃣ Activation of T helper cells

  3️⃣ Proliferation of B and T cytotoxic cells

  4️⃣ Antibody production and cell killing

  5️⃣ Formation of memory cells
• The response time for innate immunity is immediate
• Specific immunity is specific to pathogens.
• What is the role of B cells in specific immune responses?

  Produce antibodies
• Match the type of lymphocyte with its function:

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies

  T helper cells ↔️ Activate immune cells

  T cytotoxic cells ↔️ Kill infected cells

  Memory cells ↔️ Long-term immunity
• T cells and B cells are key components of the lymphocytes.
• B cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens
• What molecule do macrophages use to present antigens?

  MHC
• Stages of the specific immune response

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by macrophages

  2️⃣ Activation of T helper cells

  3️⃣ Proliferation of B and T cytotoxic cells

  4️⃣ Antibody production and cell killing

  5️⃣ Formation of memory cells
• B cells produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens
• Match the type of lymphocyte with its function:

  T cells ↔️ Coordinate and attack pathogens

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies
• Antigen-presenting cells display antigens on MHC molecules.
• What is the primary function of T helper cells?

  Activate other immune cells
• Cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens presented on MHC Class I
• Match the component of the specific immune response with its function:

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies

  T helper cells ↔️ Coordinate immune response

  T cytotoxic cells ↔️ Kill infected cells

  Memory cells ↔️ Long-term immunity
• Lymphocytes are essential in the specific immune response.
• Steps in lymphocyte activation

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by APCs

  2️⃣ Co-stimulation by APCs

  3️⃣ Cytokine release

  4️⃣ Lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation
• What do B cells produce to neutralize pathogens?

  Antibodies
• Helper T cells activate other immune cells and coordinate the immune response