7.5.2 Long-Term Effects

• What are the lasting effects of long-term exercise on the body?

  Physiological adaptations
• Long-term exercise increases the heart's stroke volume.
• A lower resting heart rate is a long-term effect of exercise.
• What happens to blood pressure as a long-term effect of exercise?

  It improves
• Long-term exercise increases lung capacity.
• Strengthened respiratory muscles are a long-term effect of exercise.
• What happens to muscle mass and strength as a long-term effect of exercise?

  They increase
• Improved bone density is a long-term effect of exercise.
• Long-term exercise enhances joint flexibility.
• Match the body system with its long-term effect of exercise:

  Cardiovascular ↔️ Increased heart size

  Respiratory ↔️ Increased lung capacity

  Musculoskeletal ↔️ Increased muscle mass
• A lower resting heart rate is a long-term effect of exercise on cardiovascular health.
• What is reduced by regular exercise in terms of cardiovascular health?

  Heart disease risk
• Exercise improves the elasticity of blood vessels.
• Lower levels of LDL cholesterol are a cardiovascular benefit of exercise.
• Match the cardiovascular component with its benefit from exercise:

  Heart ↔️ Stronger, more efficient

  Blood Vessels ↔️ More elastic, less prone to clots

  Blood ↔️ Healthier lipid and glucose levels
• Which systems are affected by long-term physiological adaptations from exercise?

  Cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal
• Match the respiratory effect of exercise with its description:

  Increased lung capacity ↔️ Greater air intake and exhalation

  Strengthened respiratory muscles ↔️ Improved breathing efficiency
• What is the effect of exercise on the risk of heart disease?

  It reduces the risk
• Exercise lowers levels of LDL cholesterol.
• What happens to lung flexibility as a long-term effect of exercise?

  It increases
• Improved gas exchange is a respiratory benefit of long-term exercise.
• What type of exercise increases bone density to reduce the risk of osteoporosis?

  Weight-bearing exercises
• The formula for resting metabolic rate (RMR) is RMR = 24 × body weight (kg).
• How does exercise improve insulin sensitivity?

  Facilitates glucose uptake
• A healthier lipid profile, including increased HDL cholesterol, is a metabolic health benefit of exercise.
• What does a higher resting metabolic rate (RMR) indicate about the body's calorie consumption?

  Burns more calories
• Exercise improves the body's response to insulin, facilitating better glucose uptake
• Regular physical activity lowers harmful LDL cholesterol and increases beneficial HDL cholesterol.
• How does exercise help with weight management?

  Burns calories and builds muscle
• Exercise results in a higher resting metabolism
• What is enhanced insulin sensitivity called in metabolic terms?

  Better glucose uptake
• Long-term exercise leads to physiological adaptations that affect the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems.
• Match the body system with its long-term effect from exercise:

  Cardiovascular ↔️ Increased heart size, lower resting heart rate

  Respiratory ↔️ Increased lung capacity, stronger muscles

  Musculoskeletal ↔️ Increased muscle mass, improved bone density
• What are three benefits of exercise on heart health?

  Increased size, lower heart rate, enhanced stroke volume
• Exercise improves blood vessel elasticity and reduces blood clot formation
• Regular exercise lowers LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol, optimizing blood composition.
• What happens to the heart as a result of regular exercise?

  Becomes stronger and more efficient
• Exercise makes blood vessels more elastic and less prone to clots
• Exercise improves blood by reducing LDL and increasing HDL levels.
• Match the respiratory component with its long-term effect from exercise:

  Lungs ↔️ Increased capacity, greater flexibility

  Respiratory Muscles ↔️ Stronger and more efficient

  Gas Exchange ↔️ Improved oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer