17.1.1 Aldehydes and Ketones

Cards (42)

  • What is the functional group in carbonyl compounds?
    Carbonyl group
  • An example of an aldehyde is formaldehyde
  • The carbonyl group in aldehydes is located at the end of the carbon chain.
  • What is the structure of a ketone?
    R - CO - R'</latex>
  • Formaldehyde has the chemical formula CH2OCH_{2}O
  • Ketones have the carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain.
  • What is the structure of the carbonyl group?
    C=C =O O
  • Ketones are more reactive than aldehydes due to the position of the carbonyl group.
    False
  • Aldehydes can be easily oxidized to carboxylic acids.
  • Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?
    Carbonyl group is accessible
  • Aldehydes and ketones have the same chemical properties.
    False
  • Ketones have the general structure R−CO−R′R - CO - R'
  • What is the role of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones?
    Unique properties and reactivity
  • The suffix for aldehydes in IUPAC nomenclature is -al
  • What is the suffix for ketones in IUPAC nomenclature?
    -one
  • In aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is always numbered as position 1.
  • The polarity of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones influences their physical properties.
  • Why do aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points compared to alkanes?
    Polar carbonyl group
  • What functional group influences the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?
    Carbonyl group (C=O)
  • Aldehydes and ketones have higher boiling points than alkanes but lower than alcohols.
  • The absence of hydrogen bonding in aldehydes and ketones compared to alcohols results in lower boiling points and solubility
  • What type of reaction occurs when aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?
    Addition
  • Aldehydes are easily oxidized to carboxylic acids by mild oxidizing agents, whereas ketones require strong conditions to break C-C bonds
  • Steps in the reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols using sodium borohydride
    1️⃣ React aldehyde with sodium borohydride
    2️⃣ Protonation to form alcohol
  • Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones due to the greater accessibility of the carbonyl carbon.
  • Match the type of carbonyl compound with its structure:
    Aldehyde ↔️ R - CHO</latex>
    Ketone ↔️ R−CO−R′R - CO - R'
  • Where is the carbonyl group located in aldehydes versus ketones?
    End of chain vs. middle
  • In ketones, the carbonyl group is located in the middle of the carbon chain.
  • Aldehydes are located at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones are located in the middle
  • Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones?
    Accessibility of carbonyl group
  • Match the carbonyl compound with its example:
    Formaldehyde ↔️ CH2OCH_{2}O
    Acetone ↔️ CH3COCH3CH_{3}COCH_{3}
  • In IUPAC nomenclature, aldehydes use the suffix "-al", while ketones use the suffix "-one".
  • In naming aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is always assigned the number one
  • What is the IUPAC name for CH_{3}CH(CH_{3})CH_{2}CHO</latex>?
    3-Methylbutanal
  • Match the physical property with its comparison between aldehydes and ketones:
    Boiling Point ↔️ Aldehydes and ketones have similar boiling points
    Solubility in Water ↔️ Both decrease with chain length
  • Aldehydes and ketones are less soluble in water than alcohols because they cannot form hydrogen bonds.
  • Aldehydes and ketones undergo chemical reactions due to the presence of the carbonyl group.
  • What product is formed when aldehydes react with hydrogen cyanide (HCN)?
    Cyanohydrins
  • Ketones can be oxidized to carboxylic acids under mild conditions.
    False
  • Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) as a mild oxidizing agent.