20.3 Ethical Considerations in Science and Technology

• Utilitarianism in climate change research promotes solutions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions effectively.
• Deontology in climate change research ensures transparency in scientific findings.
• What is the ethical duty of technology creators in social responsibility?

  Ensure innovations benefit society
• Public benefit in social responsibility means addressing societal needs and improving quality of life.
• Respecting and safeguarding personal data is a key aspect of privacy.
• Social responsibility in technology development refers to the ethical duty of technology creators to ensure their innovations benefit society, protect individual rights, and avoid harm
• What does the "Public Benefit" element of social responsibility in technology development ensure?

  Improve quality of life
• Respecting and safeguarding personal data is a key aspect of privacy in social responsibility.
• Accessibility in technology development means making technologies available to all individuals, regardless of ability or socio-economic status
• Match the ethical area with its definition:

  Privacy ↔️ Protecting personal data and preventing misuse

  Safety ↔️ Ensuring technology is safe for users and the environment
• What is a key question to consider regarding privacy in technology development?

  How is data stored?
• Fairness in technology development means avoiding biases and ensuring equitable outcomes.
• An example ethical question in technology is whether to use facial recognition in public spaces
• What is an ethical dilemma in science and technology?

  Clash of moral principles
• Modifying human genes is an example of a genetic engineering dilemma.
• The environmental impact of technology raises questions about mitigating climate change
• What are the three main ethical theories in science and technology?

  Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics
• Match the ethical theory with its key principle:

  Utilitarianism ↔️ Maximize overall happiness and minimize harm

  Deontology ↔️ Follow moral duties and respect rights

  Virtue Ethics ↔️ Cultivate moral character traits
• What is an example of Utilitarianism in scientific research?

  Conducting vaccine trials
• Promoting honesty and integrity is an example of Virtue Ethics in scientific research.
• Social responsibility in technology development refers to the ethical duty of creators to ensure their innovations benefit society, protect individual rights, and avoid harm
• What is an example of "Public Benefit" in technology development?

  Renewable energy systems
• Steps to evaluate case studies of ethical breaches:

  1️⃣ Identify the ethical breach

  2️⃣ Understand the context

  3️⃣ Apply ethical theories

  4️⃣ Consider the impact

  5️⃣ Discuss potential consequences
• What do ethical considerations in science and technology guide decision-making and actions?

  Moral principles and values
• One key area of ethical consideration is privacy
• Safety in technology includes ensuring it is safe for users and the environment.
• What does accessibility in ethical considerations ensure?

  Technology is available to all
• Fairness in algorithms ensures equitable outcomes.
• What is an example ethical question in science and technology regarding facial recognition technology?

  Should it be used in public spaces?
• Ethical dilemmas arise when moral principles clash.
• Match the ethical dilemma with its context and key questions:

  Data Privacy ↔️ Use of personal data by tech companies ||| How should personal data be collected and stored?

  Genetic Engineering ↔️ Modifying human genes ||| What are the potential risks and benefits?

  Environmental Impact ↔️ Effects of technology on the environment ||| How can technology mitigate climate change?
• What are the concerns raised by facial recognition technology in public spaces?

  Privacy, surveillance, discrimination
• Ethical theories help resolve dilemmas by applying moral principles to specific situations.
• Match the ethical theory with its key principles and applications:

  Utilitarianism ↔️ Maximize overall happiness and minimize harm ||| Prioritizes technologies that benefit the greatest number of people

  Deontology ↔️ Follow moral duties and respect rights ||| Emphasizes that certain actions are inherently wrong

  Virtue Ethics ↔️ Cultivate moral character traits ||| Encourages researchers to be honest and responsible
• A utilitarian approach supports facial recognition if its benefits outweigh privacy risks.
• What is the primary goal of Utilitarianism in science and technology?

  Maximize overall happiness
• Deontology emphasizes that certain actions are inherently wrong regardless of their consequences.
• What does Virtue Ethics focus on in scientific research?

  Moral character and values
• What is the first step in evaluating case studies of ethical breaches?

  Identify the ethical breach
• The Cambridge Analytica scandal involved the unauthorized use of personal data from Facebook