Heat is defined as the transfer of thermal energy due to a temperature difference.
True
The four laws of thermodynamics in their logical order
1️⃣ Zeroth Law: Thermal equilibrium between systems
2️⃣ First Law: Energy conservation
3️⃣ Second Law: Entropy increases in a closed system
4️⃣ Third Law: Entropy approaches minimum at absolute zero
An irreversible process cannot be reversed without leaving a trace or change in the system or surroundings.
True
Match the process type with its characteristic:
Reversible Process ↔️ Can be reversed without leaving a trace
Irreversible Process ↔️ System cannot return to original state
Match the type of thermodynamic system with its mass and energy exchange characteristics:
Closed System ↔️ No mass exchange, yes energy exchange
Open System ↔️ Yes mass exchange, yes energy exchange
Isolated System ↔️ No mass exchange, no energy exchange
What is the formula for enthalpy?
H=U+PV
Enthalpy is defined as H = U + PV
What does entropy measure in thermodynamics?
Disorder or randomness
What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics define?
Thermal equilibrium
Work is the transfer of mechanical energy due to a force acting through a distance
The second law of thermodynamics states that in any closed system, entropy always increases over time.
True
The transfer of thermal energy due to a temperature difference is called heat
Internal energy represents the total energy within a system, comprising the kinetic and potential energies of its constituent molecules
What does internal energy represent in thermodynamics?
Total energy within a system
Why is enthalpy useful for analyzing chemical reactions at constant pressure?
Measures total energy changes
Thermodynamics is the study of the transfer of energy as heat and work.
Two systems in equilibrium with a third system are also in equilibrium with each other according to the Zeroth Law.
True
Entropy reaches its minimum value at absolute zero according to the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
True
A thermodynamic system is a defined space within which energy and mass may be exchanged with the surroundings.
Order the real-world applications of thermodynamics from simplest to most complex:
1️⃣ Refrigeration
2️⃣ Heating Systems
3️⃣ Chemical Processes
4️⃣ Materials Science
Thermodynamics is the study of the transfer of energy as heat and work, and the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
True
A reversible process is one that can be reversed without leaving any trace or change in the system or surroundings
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
True
Entropy measures the disorder or randomness within a system.
True
Internal energy is related to the first law of thermodynamics.
True
The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases in a closed system.
True
Match the thermodynamic concept with its definition:
Heat ↔️ Thermal energy transfer due to temperature difference
Work ↔️ Mechanical energy transfer due to force
Temperature ↔️ Measure of average kinetic energy
Energy ↔️ Capacity to do work
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Why is it impossible to reach absolute zero in a finite number of steps?
Entropy approaches a minimum
What type of thermodynamic system allows both mass and energy exchange?
Open system
What happens to entropy in a closed system according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
It increases
Match the type of thermodynamic process with its characteristic:
Reversible ↔️ Can be reversed without any trace
Irreversible ↔️ Cannot be reversed without leaving a trace
Open System ↔️ Allows exchange of both mass and energy
Isolated System ↔️ No mass or energy exchange
A closed system allows energy exchange but no mass exchange with the surroundings.