1.2.6 Responses to issues for indirect realism:

• What is the central claim of indirect realism regarding perception?

  We perceive sense data
• Match the key concepts of indirect realism with their descriptions:

  Sense Data ↔️ Mental representations of external objects

  Direct Realism ↔️ We perceive external objects directly
• The Argument from Illusion challenges indirect realism by highlighting cases where our senses can be mistaken
• Why is the causal link between sense data and external objects problematic for indirect realism?

  It cannot be verified
• Order the process of perception according to indirect realism:

  1️⃣ External object exists

  2️⃣ Sense data is produced

  3️⃣ Mental representation is formed

  4️⃣ Perception occurs
• In indirect realism, we perceive mental representations, not external objects directly
• Match the philosophical influences with the corresponding view:

  Indirect Realism ↔️ Descartes, Locke

  Direct Realism ↔️ Common sense, scientific realism
• Representationalism holds that even in cases of illusion, we perceive accurate representations of the external world, just distorted
• Phenomenal causation suggests that we can directly perceive the causal relationship between sense data and external objects through our experience
• Skepticism about the external world is a common concern for indirect realism.


  True
• Perceptual illusions challenge indirect realism by questioning the accuracy of sense data.

  True
• Indirect realism states that we perceive external objects directly, not mental representations.

  False
• What is the Veil of Perception Problem in indirect realism?

  We cannot access reality
• Order the following issues raised against indirect realism:

  1️⃣ Veil of Perception Problem

  2️⃣ Causal Argument

  3️⃣ Argument from Illusion
• Indirect realism contrasts with direct realism, which holds that we can directly perceive external objects
• Indirect realism claims that our perception is unmediated by sense data.

  False
• Indirect realism argues that perception is mediated by sense data.


  True
• Order the responses to the argument from illusion in indirect realism:

  1️⃣ Disjunctivism

  2️⃣ Representationalism
• Causal inference is a response to the causal argument against indirect realism.


  True
• What is the defining characteristic of indirect realism compared to direct realism?

  Perception of sense data
• The veil of perception in indirect realism raises skepticism about whether we can ever truly know the nature of reality
• How does direct realism differ from indirect realism in its view of perception?

  It posits direct access
• What does indirect realism posit about perception of external objects?

  We perceive sense data
• Match the responses to the unreliability of perception with their descriptions:

  Disjunctivism ↔️ Distinguishes normal perception from illusions

  Representationalism ↔️ Maintains distorted representations refer to reality

  Causal Inference ↔️ Suggests inferring objects from sense data origin
• Order the indirect realist responses to concerns about unreliability of perception:

  1️⃣ Disjunctivism

  2️⃣ Causal Inference

  3️⃣ Phenomenal Causation
• By mediating perception through mental representations, indirect realism raises questions about the accuracy
• What does representationalism maintain about illusions?

  They refer to reality
• What is the key idea behind the dreaming argument against an external world?

  Dreams may be indistinguishable from reality
• What did Descartes conclude about certainty in his address to skepticism?

  I think, therefore I am
• Berkeley proposed subjective idealism, arguing that existence depends on perception
• Disjunctivism argues that in cases of illusion, we perceive accurate sense data.

  False
• In indirect realism, our perception is mediated by sense data
• Critics of indirect realism argue that the causal link between sense data and external objects is directly perceivable.

  False
• The Veil of Perception Problem suggests that we can overcome skepticism about the external world.

  False
• Match the concepts of indirect realism with their descriptions:

  Sense Data ↔️ Mental representations of external objects

  Veil of Perception ↔️ Skepticism about external reality

  Causal Argument ↔️ Unverifiable causal link
• What does indirect realism posit about perception?

  We perceive sense data
• What is a common consequence of indirect realism concerning the external world?

  Skepticism about reality
• What does disjunctivism argue about cases of illusion?

  They are different mental states
• What does causal inference propose about the relationship between sense data and external objects?

  It infers external objects
• Match the concept with its corresponding feature in indirect realism:

  Mental Representations ↔️ Sense Data

  Mediated Perception ↔️ Indirect Access