8.2 Migration, Identity and Sovereignty

• Migration can be voluntary, such as people moving for economic opportunities
• Internal migration refers to movement within a country
• What is the primary difference between internal and international migration?

  Crossing borders
• Arrange the following factors influencing migration into push and pull categories:

  1️⃣ Push: War

  2️⃣ Push: High unemployment

  3️⃣ Pull: Job opportunities

  4️⃣ Pull: Safety
• Migration can lead to the loss of traditional cultures.

  True
• What are push factors in migration?

  Negative conditions in the origin country
• What are the potential negative impacts of migration on culture?

  Loss of traditional cultures and languages
• How can migration positively impact national identity?

  By enriching national culture
• What are some positive impacts of migration on a country's economy?

  Fills labor shortages, stimulates growth
• Match the type of migration with its definition:

  Internal migration ↔️ Movement within a country

  International migration ↔️ Movement across national borders

  Voluntary migration ↔️ Driven by personal choice

  Forced migration ↔️ Due to external factors
• International migration involves movement across national borders
• Pull factors attract migrants to a destination country due to its positive conditions
• Push factors are positive conditions that encourage migration.

  False
• Match the impact on national identity with its example:

  Positive impact ↔️ Multicultural festivals

  Negative impact ↔️ Resistance to migrant customs
• Migration can enrich cultural diversity but also create tensions over cultural values
• International migration involves movement across national borders.


  True
• Voluntary migration is always due to push factors.

  False
• Forced migration can occur due to natural disasters
• What is a positive cultural impact of migration?

  Increased cultural diversity
• Match the migration factor with its description:

  Push factor ↔️ Negative conditions in origin

  Pull factor ↔️ Positive conditions in destination
• Migration fosters cultural exchange and diffusion, bringing together diverse customs and practices
• National identity refers to the sense of belonging to a particular nation
• Sovereignty refers to the supreme power or authority that a state has over its territory and people
• What are some negative impacts of migration on a country's sovereignty?

  Challenges border control
• Forced migration is always voluntary.

  False
• Voluntary migration is driven by external factors such as war or persecution.

  False
• What are examples of pull factors in migration?

  Job opportunities, safety
• Large-scale migration always undermines a country's sovereignty.

  False
• Order the strategies governments use to manage migration:

  1️⃣ Border control measures

  2️⃣ Migration policies

  3️⃣ Integration programs

  4️⃣ International cooperation
• What is internal migration?

  Movement within a country
• What is forced migration caused by?

  External factors
• Match the type of migration with its definition:

  Internal ↔️ Movement within a country

  International ↔️ Movement across borders

  Voluntary ↔️ Driven by personal choice

  Forced ↔️ Due to external factors
• Rural-urban migration in China is an example of internal migration.


  True
• Negative cultural impacts of migration include tensions over cultural differences
• Migration is often driven by push factors in the origin country and pull factors in the destination country
• Cultural exchange may challenge the preservation of unique traditional cultures.


  True
• Migration can only negatively impact national identity.

  False
• The tension between national sovereignty and migration is a key challenge in globalization.

  True
• Migration can be either voluntary, driven by personal choice, or forced, due to external factors
• What is internal migration defined as?

  Movement within a country