2.6 Comparative Theories

• In the study of comparative politics, we use theories
• Match the theory with its explanation:

  Realism ↔️ Emphasizes power and conflict

  Liberalism ↔️ Focuses on cooperation and institutions

  Marxism ↔️ Analyzes economic structures and class struggles

  Constructivism ↔️ Highlights the role of ideas and norms
• Order the key principles of realism according to their emphasis:

  1️⃣ State as primary actor

  2️⃣ Power

  3️⃣ Self-Interest

  4️⃣ Anarchy
• What does liberalism emphasize in global politics?

  Cooperation, institutions, democracy, free markets
• Liberalism emphasizes cooperation, institutions, democracy, and free markets as key drivers of international relations
• Realism emphasizes power, self-interest, and the anarchic nature of global relations
• Realism views states as constantly striving for cooperation in a competitive international system.

  False
• Neo-liberalism emphasizes greater government spending and fiscal austerity.

  False
• Neo-realism emphasizes innate human nature rather than the system's influence on state behavior.

  False
• Marxism contrasts with realism by focusing on state power rather than economic structures.

  False
• Comparative political theories allow us to examine global politics from a single perspective only.

  False
• What does realism contrast with in its approach to global politics?

  Liberalism
• What is the primary consequence of anarchy in the international system according to realism?

  Competition and conflict
• What is the role of free markets in neo-liberalism?

  Encourage competition and efficiency
• What is another name for neo-realism?

  Structural realism
• What are the key principles of Marxism in global politics?

  Class struggle and exploitation
• What does feminism analyze in global politics?

  How gender shapes dynamics
• Liberalism in global politics focuses on cooperation, institutions, and the spread of democracy
• Liberals highlight the importance of international institutions like the UN
• States in realism prioritize their own security and prosperity above international norms
• The spread of democracy is seen by liberals as promoting peace and stability.


  True
• Liberalism views states as constantly striving for power in a competitive international system.

  False
• Match the principle of realism with its explanation:

  Power ↔️ States seek to maximize it

  Self-Interest ↔️ Prioritizing security and prosperity

  Anarchy ↔️ No global government

  State as Primary Actor ↔️ Organizations have limited influence
• Match the principle of neo-liberalism with its explanation:

  Free Markets ↔️ Minimal government intervention

  Deregulation ↔️ Reducing regulatory burdens

  Privatization ↔️ Transferring state-owned enterprises
• Match the principle of neo-realism with its explanation:

  International System Structure ↔️ Anarchy compels states to prioritize security

  State Behavior ↔️ States act rationally to maximize power

  Power Balance ↔️ Stability is maintained through balance
• Match the tenet of Marxism with its explanation:

  Class Struggle ↔️ Conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat

  Exploitation ↔️ Surplus value extracted from labor

  Imperialism ↔️ Rich states dominate poorer states
• Match the theory with its emphasis:

  Realism ↔️ Power and conflict

  Liberalism ↔️ Cooperation and democracy

  Constructivism ↔️ Ideas and norms

  Marxism ↔️ Economic structures and class struggle
• Realism contrasts with liberalism by focusing on cooperation and institutions.

  False
• States strive to increase their power to ensure survival and security, according to realism.


  True
• Neo-liberalism in global politics focuses on free markets, deregulation, and privatization to boost economic growth.


  True
• Unlike classical liberalism, neo-liberalism emphasizes limited government spending and fiscal austerity.


  True
• Neo-realism emphasizes the system's influence on state behavior rather than innate human nature.


  True
• Imperialism in Marxism refers to rich states dominating poorer states through economic and political control
• What does intersectionality recognize in feminism?

  Intersections of identity
• What is the social construction principle in constructivism?

  System through shared beliefs
• Ideational factors, such as ideas and norms, are considered crucial in determining state interests according to constructivism.

  True
• Constructivism contrasts with materialism by highlighting the importance of non-material factors such as ideas, norms, and identities
• What does realism emphasize in global politics?

  Power and conflict
• What is the term for the absence of a global government in realism?

  Anarchy
• Unlike classical liberalism, neo-liberalism places greater emphasis on fiscal austerity and limited government spending