C5.2.1 Catalysts

• Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
• Catalysts are consumed during a chemical reaction.

  False
• Match the catalyst mechanism with its description:

  Lowers activation energy ↔️ Provides an alternative reaction pathway

  Increases reaction rate ↔️ Allows more molecules to reach the transition state
• How do catalysts make it easier for reactants to transform into products?

  By lowering activation energy
• Order the features of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts:

  1️⃣ Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as reactants

  2️⃣ Heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase

  3️⃣ Homogeneous catalysts have uniformly distributed reactions

  4️⃣ Heterogeneous catalysts react on the surface
• Heterogeneous catalysts are typically solids that react with gases or liquids.

  True
• What is the purpose of the Haber-Bosch process?

  Producing ammonia for fertilizers
• The Haber-Bosch process is carried out at high temperatures and pressures.


  True
• Match the industrial process with its key benefit:

  Haber-Bosch Process ↔️ Improves crop yields globally

  Catalytic Converters ↔️ Decreases air pollution
• The Haber-Bosch process uses iron-based catalysts with promoters such as potassium oxide
• Match the catalyst used in catalytic converters with its role:

  Platinum ↔️ Reduces nitrogen oxides

  Palladium ↔️ Oxidizes carbon monoxide

  Rhodium ↔️ Converts hydrocarbons
• Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.


  True
• What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

  Speeds up the reaction
• What is activation energy in a chemical reaction?

  Minimum energy to start
• Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed at lower temperatures.
• Why do catalysts allow reactions to occur faster?

  By lowering activation energy
• A catalyzed reaction has a higher activation energy than an uncatalyzed reaction.

  False
• Homogeneous catalysts are in the same physical state as the reactants.
• Match the industrial process with its catalyst:

  Haber-Bosch Process ↔️ Iron-based catalyst

  Catalytic Converters ↔️ Platinum, palladium, rhodium
• The Haber-Bosch process uses an iron-based catalyst with promoters such as potassium oxide.
• Which metals are used as catalysts in catalytic converters?

  Platinum, palladium, rhodium
• What are the three key benefits of using catalysts in industrial processes?

  Accelerate reactions, reduce energy, lower costs
• The Haber-Bosch process has improved crop yields globally by enabling large-scale fertilizer production.


  True
• Catalytic converters in vehicles reduce harmful emissions and improve air quality
• Steps involved in how catalysts speed up chemical reactions:

  1️⃣ Lower activation energy

  2️⃣ Increase number of reactant molecules reaching transition state

  3️⃣ Convert reactants into products more quickly
• What is the key difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts?

  Physical state relative to reactants
• Heterogeneous catalysts typically exist as solids that interact with liquid or gas reactants on their surface.


  True
• The Haber-Bosch process uses iron-based catalysts with promoters such as potassium oxide
• Which three catalysts are used in catalytic converters?

  Platinum, palladium, rhodium
• The Haber-Bosch process is used to produce ammonia for fertilizers.


  True
• Arrange the key components of the Haber-Bosch process in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Nitrogen and hydrogen react

  2️⃣ Ammonia is produced

  3️⃣ Iron catalyst is used

  4️⃣ Temperature is 400-450°C

  5️⃣ Pressure is 200 atm
• What type of catalysts are used in laundry detergents?

  Enzymes
• Homogeneous catalysts are in the same physical state as the reactants
• Match the type of catalyst with its example:

  Homogeneous catalyst ↔️ Acid catalysts in liquid reactions

  Heterogeneous catalyst ↔️ Nickel catalyst in hydrogenation
• The Haber-Bosch process uses iron-based catalysts with promoters such as potassium oxide
• Match the industrial process with its catalyst and key benefits:

  Haber-Bosch ↔️ Iron-based catalysts with promoters ||| Large-scale ammonia production, improved crop yields

  Catalytic Converters ↔️ Platinum, palladium, rhodium ||| Reduces vehicle emissions, improves air quality
• Catalytic converters in vehicles use platinum, palladium, and rhodium to reduce air pollution