C6.2.3 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

• Alcohols are organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom
• Alcohols are soluble in water due to their hydroxyl group.

  True
• Match the alcohol with its general formula:

  Methanol ↔️ CH₃OH

  Ethanol ↔️ C₂H₅OH

  Propanol ↔️ C₃H₇OH
• Alcohols have one hydrogen atom replaced by a hydroxyl group compared to alkanes.


  True
• In primary alcohols, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom with only one other carbon atom
• The solubility of alcohols in water decreases as the carbon chain length increases.


  True
• The general formula of alcohols is CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
• Alcohols are organic compounds distinguished from hydrocarbons by the presence of a hydroxyl group.


  True
• Name three common examples of alcohols.

  Methanol, ethanol, propanol
• How are alcohols classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary?

  Based on carbon bonding
• 2-Propanol is an example of a secondary alcohol
• Hydrogen bonds in alcohols lead to higher boiling points compared to alkanes.


  True
• The density of alcohols generally increases with the carbon chain length
• What are the products of combustion of alcohols?

  CO₂ and H₂O
• Esterification involves the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters and water.


  True
• What functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

  -COOH
• Esterification involves the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters and water.
• The general formula for carboxylic acids is CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH.
• The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group (-OH).
• Match the carboxylic acid with its formula:

  Acetic acid ↔️ CH₃COOH

  Formic acid ↔️ HCOOH

  Benzoic acid ↔️ C₆H₅COOH
• Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group, while alcohols have a hydroxyl group.
• Match the alcohol with its example:

  Methanol ↔️ CH₃OH

  Ethanol ↔️ C₂H₅OH

  Propanol ↔️ C₃H₇OH
• 2-Propanol is an example of a secondary alcohol.


  True
• Order the types of alcohols based on their reactivity with oxidizing agents:

  1️⃣ Primary alcohols

  2️⃣ Secondary alcohols

  3️⃣ Tertiary alcohols
• In a primary alcohol, the hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon atom attached to only one other carbon atom.

  True
• Alcohols have higher boiling points compared to alkanes due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds.
• What happens to the density of alcohols as the carbon chain length increases?

  Increases
• What is the boiling point of methanol in degrees Celsius?

  65
• Match the chemical property of alcohols with its description:

  Combustion ↔️ Alcohol + Oxygen → CO₂ + H₂O

  Oxidation ↔️ Primary → Aldehyde → Carboxylic Acid

  Esterification ↔️ Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid → Ester + Water
• What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

  -COOH
• Compared to alcohols, carboxylic acids have a more acidic carboxyl group.
• The general formula of carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH.


  True
• Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points compared to alcohols and alkanes?

  Strong hydrogen bonds
• Describe the process of esterification between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

  1️⃣ Alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid

  2️⃣ Carboxyl group of acid bonds with hydroxyl group of alcohol

  3️⃣ Water molecule is released

  4️⃣ Ester is formed
• Carboxylic acids are more reactive than alcohols due to their acidic nature
• Steps in the esterification reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols

  1️⃣ Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol

  2️⃣ Formation of ester and water
• What is the functional group of alcohols?

  Hydroxyl (-OH)
• Carboxylic acids are more acidic and can undergo neutralization and esterification
• Alcohols are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom
• The hydroxyl group in alcohols replaces a hydrogen atom in alkanes